Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

Nitrous oxide emission from a transplanted rice field in alluvial soil as influenced by management of nitrogen fertiliser

We investigated nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from an irrigated rice field over two years to evaluate the management of nitrogenous fertiliser and its effect on reducing emissions. Four forms of nitrogenous fertilisers: NPK at the recommended application rate, starch–urea matrix (SUM) + PK, neem‐coated urea + PK and urea alone (urea without coating) were used. Gas samples were collected from the field at weekly intervals with the static chamber technique. N₂O emissions from different treatments ranged from 11.58 to 215.81 N₂O‐N μg/m²/h, and seasonal N₂O emissions from 2.83 to 3.89 kg N₂O‐N/ha. Compared with other fertilisers, N₂O emissions were greatest after the application of the conventional NPK fertiliser. Moreover, SUM + PK reduced total N₂O emissions by 22.33% (P < 0.05) compared with NPK during the rice‐growing period (P < 0.05). The results indicate a strong correlation between N₂O emissions and soil organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass and photosynthesis (P < 0.05). The application of SUM + PK in rice fields is suitable as a means of reducing N₂O emissions without affecting grain production.     

茶文化在高职林科类院校心理健康教育中的实践与探索

茶文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,其蕴含的心理健康教育思想内容丰富且历史悠久。近年来高校大学生数量激增,学生心理健康问题层出不穷,在高职院校中尤为凸显,且高职林科类院校中艰苦专业多,当前心理健康教育方式方法出现瓶颈,效果固化。通过茶文化中积极健康的思想,结合大学生心理健康教育教学,创新教育途径,探索并找到较好的实践运用手段,提高大学生的心理健康素质,促进大学生综合水平提高,具有较好现实意义和价值。     

混合所有制二级学院教工党员先锋作用发挥途径的探索与实践——以朋朋宠物科技学院为例

在混合所有制二级学院办学体制机制下,教工党员先锋作用的发挥对改革至关重要。本文以朋朋宠物科技学院为例,从教工党员先锋作用发挥的模式创建、具体途径和举措、改革的成效等方面,进行了全面的论述。     

Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.     

仙草多糖提取工艺条件优化研究

采用水提法浸提仙草，以仙草多糖的提取率为指标，研究料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间及浸提次数4个因素对其提取率的影响，并从中挑取合适的因素水平进行正交试验及SPSS分析。结果表明：在这4个因素中，对提取率影响最大的因素是浸提温度，然后是浸提时间，再次是料液比，最后是浸提次数；在料液比1:60、温度100 ℃、浸提时间3 h的最优条件下，仙草多糖的提取率高达17.89 %，此时仙草多糖的含量为44.13 %。     

供给侧视域大学生思想政治教育获得感:价值、困境及超越

大学生思想政治教育获得感是衡量实效的“标尺器”、提升质量的“助推剂”和话语转换的“凭证书”,其归根到底是思想政治教育供求平衡的产物。现阶段思想政治教育供给不平衡不充分同大学生需求之间矛盾减削获得感,思想政治教育供给要在把握以情动人、以理服人、以行化人的维度基础上,力求内容既高大上又接地气、形式既含温度又设尺度、氛围既横向搭又纵向建,实现优质供给与需求恰好适配,直接精准提升获得感。     

青土湖水面形成区土壤颗粒组成与化学特性变化

青土湖输水作为石羊河流域治理的一项关键措施,对保护湖区水资源和生态环境具有重要意义。在距青土湖水面边缘东南方向0-450 m的10个样点中分3层取0-60 cm土样,测定土壤粒径的质量百分比与全氮、全磷、全钾和电导率,分析青土湖水面形成后土壤颗粒组成与化学特性变化。结果表明,随着离水面边缘距离的增加,土壤颗粒与化学特性呈有规律的增减变化,土壤粘粉粒组成与其全磷、全钾之间存在正线性相关。青土湖水面形成加剧了距水面边缘0-150 m处的土壤理化性质变化;土壤细粒及养分出现富集,分别在距水面边缘100-150 m和300 m处达到最大值。因此,土壤养分与土壤细物质的良好相关性表明,土壤粘粉粒变化可作为反映该区域土壤性状变化和评价衡量水面形成后土壤恢复程度的定量指标之一。     

裂褶菌多糖的研究进展

裂褶菌多糖(Schizophyllan)是裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)的主要活性成分之一.综述了裂褶菌多糖结构、提取纯化工艺和生理活性功能等方面的研究进展.     

甘蔗黄叶病毒与花叶病毒CP基因RNAi载体构建与转化甘蔗研究

甘蔗黄叶病和甘蔗花叶病是我国甘蔗最主要的病毒病,感病品种产量下降和品质变劣,传统方法难以防治。RNA干扰技术使培育抗病毒甘蔗品种成为可能。本研究根据甘蔗黄叶病毒和侵染甘蔗的高粱花叶病毒结构与功能特性,广泛收集不同来源病毒分离物CP基因序列,经过比对选取保守序列作为干扰序列。通过在序列两端添加酶切位点,合成并连接成双价甘蔗黄叶病和花叶病毒干扰序列,然后构建到中间载体p HANNIBAL上,形成双价RNAi干扰结构,最后插入到p ART27上形成干扰表达载体。利用基因枪轰击甘蔗品种福农15号愈伤组织进行转化,经G418筛选获得抗性再生植株。通过提取DNA和RNA分析,证实双价RNAi干扰结构不仅以不同拷贝整合到甘蔗基因组中,而且得到了转录表达。